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08/02/13

Featured

  • Perceived Hill Slant and Obesity: Perception Does Not Care about How You Feel.
  • US pediatric population-level associations of DXA-measured percentage of body fat with four BMI metrics with cutoffs.
  • Metformin improves healthspan and lifespan in mice.

Findings Contrary to Hypotheses or Popular Ideas

  • Cesarean mode of delivery was not clearly associated with BMI or overweight.
  • No association between obesity and depressive disorder in adolescents at high risk for depression.
  • RCT: A low-carbohydrate diet is as safe as Mediterranean or low-fat diets in preserving/improving renal function among moderately obese participants with or without type 2 diabetes.
  • RCT: Acute ingestion of sugar-free red bull energy drink has no effect on upper body strength and muscular endurance in resistance trained men.
  • RCT: Addition of personalized e-feedback in the enhanced program provided limited additional benefits compared to a standard commercial Web-based weight-loss program.
  • RCT: n3 PUFAs Do Not Affect Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Overweight to Moderately Obese Men and Women.
  • RCT: No effect of caffeine Intake on short bouts of physical activity or energy expenditure.
  • RCT: No effect of conjugated linoleic acid and vitamin E on glycemic control, body composition, and inflammatory markers in overweight type 2 diabetics.
  • Resveratrol Blunts the Positive Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiovascular Health in Aged Men.
  • Thinness, rather than excess weight, is associated with decreased light, moderate and high intensity physical activity in Japanese pre-school children.

Study vs Headlines

  • From ConscienHealth: "Headlines That Bite: Mosquitoes Cause Childhood Obesity?"
  • USA Today: Are mosquitoes a cause of childhood obesity?
  • Study: Child Outdoor Physical Activity is Reduced by Prevalence of the Asian Tiger Mosquito.

Caloric Restriction

  • Dietary Restriction Induced Longevity Is Mediated by Nuclear Receptor NHR-62 in Caenorhabditis elegans.
  • Caloric Restriction-Mediated Induction of Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression in Liver is Enhanced by Keap1-Knockdown.
  • RCT: A study of caloric restriction versus standard diet in overweight men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.

Clinical

  • The impact of pharyngeal fat tissue on the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea.
  • RCT: Evaluation of a web-based program promoting healthy eating and physical activity for adolescents: Teen Choice: Food and Fitness.
  • The association between weight loss in caregivers and adolescents in a treatment trial of adolescents with obesity.
  • Mild Obesity Is Protective After Severe Burn Injury.
  • Association of body mass index with arterial stiffness and blood pressure components: A twin study.
  • Weight management program associated with postural balance improvements in obese children.
  • No convincing evidence that most dietary supplements used as appetite suppressants for weight loss are effective and safe: Systematic Review of RCTs.

Cognition & Psychology

  • Lunch with company reduces cognitive control, may increase social harmony.
  • Only 15% of adults presenting for weight loss treatment meet purported criteria for “food addiction.”
  • Ritual enhances the enjoyment of consumption by promoting greater involvement in the food-related experience.
  • Early Stress Leads to Preference for Comfort Food in Rats.
  • Association of a 7-year percent change in fat mass and muscle mass with subsequent cognitive dysfunction: the EPIDOS-Toulouse cohort.
  • Functional capacity, muscle fat infiltration, power output and cognitive impairment in institutionalized frail oldest old.

Discrimination

  • An author calls for a national employer to ban obesity in its employees.
  • Denial of Treatment to Obese Patients—the Wrong Policy on Personal Responsibility for Health.
  • Perceived Weight Discrimination and Obesity.

Evolution, Energetics and Ecology

  • Fattened livers prep white sharks for extreme migrations.
  • Late-moulting Black-necked Grebes Podiceps nigricollis show greater body mass in the face of failing food supply.
  • Oxygen Brought Earliest Carnivores to Life.
  • When a single genetic mutation first let ancient Europeans drink milk, it set the stage for a continental upheaval.

Epidemiology

  • NIH math model predicts effects of diet, physical activity on childhood weight.
  • Educational attainment and obesity: a systematic review.
  • Beyond the “I” in the obesity epidemic: a review of social relational and network interventions on obesity.

Exercise

  • RCT: Effect of high-intensity interval exercise on basal triglyceride metabolism in non-obese men.
  • RCT: Influence of netball-based exercise on energy intake, subjective appetite and plasma acylated ghrelin in adolescent girls.

Food

  • The effect of learning climate on snack consumption and ego depletion among undergraduate students.
  • Effects of Inulin-Type Fructans on Appetite, Energy Intake, and Body Weight in Children and Adults: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
  • RCT: Soy fiber improves weight loss and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults.
  • RCT: Effect of polydextrose and soluble maize fibre on energy metabolism, metabolic profile and appetite control in overweight men and women.
  • RCT: Consuming 30 to 60 g/day of hazelnuts for 12-weeks causes no weight gain.
  • Review: An Application of Pavlovian Principles to the Problems of Obesity and Cognitive Decline.
  • RCT: Effects of dietary fatty acid composition from a high fat meal on satiety.
  • Calories and portion sizes in classical Danish recipes throughout 100 years: An overlooked factor in the development of overweight and obesity?
  • Chocolate in History: Food, Medicine, Medi-Food.
  • Can The Smell Of Oranges Help Dieters Resist Sweet Treats?
  • ASN position: Consumption of foods rich in cereal fiber or mixtures of whole grains and bran is modestly associated with a reduced risk of obesity, T2D, and CVD.
  • Sacré bleu! The average Frenchman these days eats only half a baguette a day compared with almost a whole baguette in 1970 and more than three in 1900.

Marketing

  • Generating better evidence to engage local food outlets in obesity prevention research.
  • Using health primes to reduce unhealthy snack purchases among overweight consumers in a grocery store.

Methods

  • A prototype portable breath acetone analyzer for monitoring fat loss.
  • Nanothermometer takes the temperature of living cells.
  • Comparative statistical analysis between two methods for the measurement of visceral fat in humans.
  • Diet-induced mouse model of fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis reflecting clinical disease progression and methods of assessment

Policy Related

  • Court Strikes Down NYC's Big-Soda Ban.
  • ‘Fat Taxes’ in Europe and Beyond – A Legal and Policy Analysis Under EU and WTO Law.
  • A half-cent per ounce increase in sugar-sweetened beverage prices is predicted to reduce total calories from 23 foods and beverages but increase sodium and fat intakes as a result of product substitution.
  • Front-of-pack nutrition labels have little impact on consumer choice: Study.
  • Obesity and Other Health Concerns Lead Food Companies To Step Up Health and Nutrient Claims.
  • New York City: ‘prescribing’ fruits and vegetables will “prevent an awful lot of disease”.
  • Navajo Health Activists Push for Junk Food Tax.
  • North Carolina Gets “Anti-Bloomberg” Law.

Sleep

  • RCT: Disadvantageous shift in energy balance is primarily expressed in high-quality sleepers after a decline in quality sleep because of disturbance.
  • Dim Light at Night Exaggerates Weight Gain and Inflammation Associated with a High-Fat Diet in Male Mice.

Transgenerational effects

  • Maternal Obesity Induces Epigenetic Modifications to Facilitate Zfp423 Expression and Enhance Adipogenic Differentiation in Fetal Mice.
  • Supplementation of the maternal diet during pregnancy with chocolate and fructose interacts with the high-fat diet of offspring to facilitate the onset of metabolic disorders in rat offspring.
  • Maternal chocolate and sucrose soft drink intake induces hepatic steatosis in rat offspring associated with altered lipid gene expression profile.
  • Limited evidence to support the 'fetal overnutrition hypothesis': A systematic review.

Basic Science

  • The roles of melanin-concentrating hormone in energy balance and reproductive function: are they connected?
  • Deletion of Selenoprotein M Leads to Obesity Without Cognitive Deficits.
  • The role of adipose tissue circadian clocks in metabolic maintenance.

General Science

  • Cattle and sheep develop preference for drinking water containing grape seed tannin.
  • The Invisible Gorilla Strikes Again: Sustained Inattentional Blindness in Expert Observers.  
  • NREL explores the use of wood borers for the biofuels industry.
  • An Experimental Test of the Persuasive Effect of Source Similarity in Narrative and Nonnarrative Health Blogs.

Commentary

  • BPA And Breast Cancer: When Academics Spin Statistics.
  • Appropriate vs Clinically Useful Diagnostic Tests: An example using echocardiography.
  • Obesity discourse and fat politics: Research, critique and interventions.
  • Fatuous measures: The artifactual construction of the obesity epidemic.
  • Am I the only person who thinks that 4.1 million animals used in medical experiments doesn't sound very many?

Video & Audio

  • Live Webcast - Obesity prevention at the state and local levels: Lessons learned and new opportunities.
  • Andrew Zimmern visits UAB professor Steve Watts for “Bizarre Foods America”.
  • NPR featuring Eric Ravussin: How To Find A Path Off The Dreaded Diet Plateau.
  • Richard Bergman on Reciprocal Pleasure of Mentoring.
  • NORC seminar: Hiroshi Nishiura and Keisuke Ejima - Dependent happening in epidemiology.
  • Be a science communicator: Tips from TED on giving engaging presentations.

Announcements

  • Sustainable Diet and Food Security Conference, Lille, France, 28-29 May 2013.
  • American Society for Nutrition identifies 6 focus areas in its Nutrition Research Agenda.
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