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01/31/14

Featured

  • RCT: Sleep Extension Improves Neurocognitive Functions in Chronically Sleep-Deprived Obese Individuals.
  • Obesity and seatbelt use: a fatal relationship.
  • Portion sizes for children are predicted by parental characteristics and the amounts parents serve themselves.

Findings Contrary to Hypothesis or Popular Ideas

  • Meta-Analysis of RCTs shows no effect of school-based physical activity and nutritional education interventions on BMI.
  • Obesity not associated with outcomes in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and very obese patients also had similar outcomes to obese patients.
  • Body weight has no association on self-esteem of minority children living in inner city, low-income neighborhoods.
  • RCT: No effects of a program designed to influence child having breakfast, drinking sweet beverages, watching television and playing outside.
  • No significant association between BMI and SSB consumption was observed in any model among over 10,000 Canadian Youth.
  • RCT: No significant effects of the walking intervention on circulating adipokines among overweight and obese postmenopausal women.
  • “Results surprisingly provide no support for important individual roles of either gut hormone [GLP-1 and PYY] in the specific mechanisms by which RYGB rats settle at a lower body weight.”
  • RCT: Intervention had no significant effect on the odds of achieving prepregnancy weight at 12 mo postpartum.
  • RCT: No effect of caloric restriction on salivary cortisol levels in overweight men and women.

Clinical

  • RCT: A gender-sensitised weight loss and healthy living programme for overweight and obese men delivered by Scottish Premier League football clubs (FFIT).
  • RCT: The effects of the parent training program for obesity reduction on anthropometric measures of school-age children.
  • Physical activity is an independent predictor of cognitive function in persons with heart failure.
  • Increased glucose production seen with SGLT2 inhibitors.

Food

  • RCT: Consuming a balanced high fat diet for 16 weeks improves body composition, inflammation and vascular function parameters in obese premenopausal women.
  • Protein-enriched diet, with the use of lean red meat, combined with progressive resistance training enhances lean tissue mass and muscle strength and reduces circulating IL-6 concentrations in elderly women: a cluster RCT.
  • Blueberry supplementation improves memory in middle-aged mice fed a high-fat diet.
  • Male pups of female mice fed a high fat diet during lactation had elevated body fat and leptin.
  • Study finds aesthetics in food packaging as important as brand names.

Sugar

  • Sugar vs fat: Twin brothers take radical steps to show the real impact of our fad diets.
  • Hypothalamic melanin concentrating hormone neurons communicate the nutrient value of sugar.

Energy Balance

  • Energy gap in the aetiology of body weight gain and obesity: A challenging concept with a complex evaluation and pitfalls.
  • Effects of a breakfast spread out over time on the food intake at lunch and the hormonal responses in obese men.

Exercise

  • RCT: The effect of exercise intensity on endothelial function in physically inactive lean and obese adults.
  • Games that are more enjoyable and engaging may produce greater intensity activity.
  • Sedentary behavior changed the shape of neurons in rats.
  • RCT: Impact of aerobic exercise on visceral fat in overweight chronic kidney disease patients.

Basic Science

  • Mice lacking natural killer T cells are more susceptible to metabolic alterations following high fat diet feeding.
  • A new study on worms with a genetic mutation could play a role in developing personalized diets for humans.
  • The differing adipocyte morphologies of deep versus superficial midfacial fat compartments: A Cadaveric Study.
  • Mfge8 promotes obesity by mediating the uptake of dietary fats and serum fatty acids.
  • Glutamate gets fat.

Methods

  • A latent class model for obesity.
  • Quantitative Assessment of Pancreatic Fat by Using Unenhanced CT: Pathologic Correlation and Clinical Implications.
  • Quantitative Assessment of liver fat in an obese patient population using non-contrast CT fat percent index.
  • Quantification of epicardial fat volume using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.
  • Automated quantification of epicardial adipose tissue in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Bacteria

  • Helicobacter pylori infection in obesity and its clinical outcome after bariatric surgery.
  • Antiobesity and cholesterol-lowering effects of bifidobacteria animalis DY-64 in rats fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet.

Drugs

  • Sitagliptin, insulin combination preserved beta-cell function in LADA.
  • RCT: Changes in Weight Loss–Related Quality of Life among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Treated with Dapagliflozin.

Policy Related

  • FTC issues updated media guidance for screening fake weight loss claims.
  • What happens when the definition of disability changes? The case of obesity.
  • World Health Organization recommendations are often strong based on low confidence in effect estimates.
  • FDA says nutrition facts label will get a makeover.
  • The FDA-mandated withdrawal of 23andMe’s personal genome service.

Economics

  • When Value Trumps Health in a Supersized World.
  • Decomposing Socioeconomic Inequalities in Childhood Obesity: Evidence from Ireland.

Epidemiology

  • Incidence of childhood obesity in the United States.
  • Obesity is found to gain hold in earliest years.
  • The effect of incarceration on adult male BMI trajectories, USA, 1981–2006.

Pregnancy

  • Gestational weight gain and maternal and neonatal outcomes in term twin pregnancies in obese women.
  • Gestational weight gain in twin pregnancies and maternal and child health: a systematic review.

Psychology

  • Laugh Away the Fat? Therapeutic Humor in the Control of Stress-induced Emotional Eating.
  • Two simple, brief, naturalistic activities and their impact on positive affect: feeling grateful and eating ice cream.

Temperature

  • Is Your Furnace Making You Fat?
  • Intermittent cold exposure increased metabolic rage, activated brown fat, and improved glucose homeostasis in mice.
  • Habituation of the metabolic and ventilatory responses to cold-water immersion in humans.
  • Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans.
  • Inbreeding effects on standard metabolic rate investigated at cold, benign and hot temperatures in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • The hidden cost of housing practices: using noninvasive imaging (thermography) to quantify the metabolic demands of chronic cold stress of laboratory mice.

Thermogenesis

  • Cold acclimation recruits human brown fat and increases nonshivering thermogenesis.
  • Dietary factors evoke thermogenesis in adipose tissues.
  • Autonomic regulation of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in health & disease: Potential clinical applications for altering BAT thermogenesis.

Driving

  • Driver obesity and the risk of fatal injury during traffic collisions.
  • Truck driving associated with high BMI and among truck drivers Type-2 Diabetes associated with crashes.

General Science

  • Newspapers were more likely to cover observational studies than RCTs and when the media does cover observational studies, they select articles of inferior quality.
  • Lack of blinded outcome assessors in randomized trials with subjective time-to-event outcomes causes high risk of observer bias.
  • NIH thoughts on scientific fidelity: pre-clinical research in animals is not reproducible.
  • Vitamin A deficiency can boost innate immunity in mice.
  • The British amateur who debunked the mathematics of happiness.
  • Volunteering and having positive views about others can buffer the effects of stress on health.
  • An Illustrated Book of Bad Arguments.
  • Is communication a casualty of computers in the exam room?

Ecology, Evolution & Energetics

  • Elephant obesity concerns in preserve planned in California for 'near-wild' herd.
  • Polar bears have shifted to a diet of more land-based food in response to climate change.
  • Metabolic rate and prehibernation fattening in free-living arctic ground squirrels.

Commentary

  • The role of personal responsibility in health and weight control.
  • You are fat, it is not your fault.
  • 'Worst Headline: "I Give Up, Pass the Pie"'.
  • Today's BAD science Reporting award goes to NPR for this headline and photo....on a mouse study.
  • Disappointing APHA obesity story.
  • Don’t drop the ball on food safety this Super Bowl!
  • Labeling obesity as a disease may undermine healthy Intentions of obese individuals.

Announcements

  • Fighting fat in Alabama: UAB channels resources to battle obesity (The Weight Loss Medicine Program).
  • New IOM interactive website: getting 60 minutes of physical activity during the school day.
  • Passing of Sir John Cornforth: Distinguished Nobel Prize winning scientist and pioneer in the field of stereochemistry.
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